Glossary - C
Heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1oC (4.18 joules). The quantity of heat produced by the complete combustion of a given mass of fuel. Calorific value is measured as Joules or Calories per unit of volume. The process by which liquid is drawn into the joint by molecular attraction. Capillary action can operate against the force of gravity. Brazing and soldering rely upon capillary action to draw the filler material into the joint. Hardenability is usually expressed by means of a 'Carbon Equivalent', (CE), an empirical term representing the effects of alloying elements in a steel on its hardenability, which allows welding engineers to estimate requirements for pre-heat, interpass, cooling rate, etc. to achieve a successful weld in that steel. As the CE increases, so too does the degree of difficulty in welding. A flame containing an excess of fuel gas. This is the diameter a wire naturally takes when a length is throw on the floor. It is used as a rough guide as to how the wire is likely to perform in service. Tungsten electrodes used for TIG welding containing a small quantity of cerium to aid arc initiation. A hard grey metallic element used in steel alloys and electroplating ti increase hardness and corrosion resistance. Symbol Cr; atomic number 24; atomic weight 51.996 The sum of ferrite forming elements, and used in conjunction with Nickel Equivalent, plotted in constitution diagrams (Schaeffler, DeLong, and WRC) for the estimation of phases in stainless steel weld metal, and calculated from various equations, such as: The process of burning a fuel with oxygen in which the products are energy, in the form of light and heat, and by-products such as water and carbon dioxide. A collective term for gaseous chemical (in the gaseous or the liquefied state) when compressed in excess of 500mbar in a container or system. The process of forming a liquid from its vapour under a change in temperature or pressure. An enclosed or small space often without adequate ventilation. Area of potential hazard from asphyxiation if it becomes filled with an inert or unreactive gas. Also an area of potential explosion if filled with a flammable or explosive gas mixture. Follow this link to further information on the subject. A weld that extends continuously from one end of a joint to the other. Where the joint is essentially circular, it extends completely around the joint. Usually applied to steel MIG wire, but also applicable to TIG rod, which has a protective copper coating applied to the wire surface to prevent or slow down rusting of the wire. It is also maintained, in some circles, that electrical pick-up is improved by the coppering. A joint between two members located approximately at right angles to each other. A product which will attack many substances it comes into contact with, such as metals, polymers or tissue. The union of two or more atoms by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons. A chemical bond in which two or more atoms are held together by the interaction of one or more pairs of electrons. Critical Pitting Temperature (CPT) The temperature, below which pitting corrosion does not occur during testing (usually of Duplex and Super Duplex stainless steel) in ferric chloride, according to ASTM G48. The temperature and pressure at which the gas and liquid phases of a substance are identical. The absolute pressure at which both liquid and gas phases co-exist at the critical temperature. The temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied by pressure alone. The volume occupied by 1.0 gram-mole of the substrate at its critical temperature and pressure. A flashback arrestor which does not give any indication that a flashback has occurred.
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